Artificial intelligence relies on one of the most complex industrial systems ever built. From chip design and lithography to semiconductor manufacturing and hyperscale data centers, the global AI supply chain reveals how machine intelligence ultimately depends on materials, infrastructure and geopolitics.

The Age of Light explores artificial intelligence beyond algorithms. By examining meaning, machines and the physics of computation, the book explains how chips, photonics, energy systems and infrastructure are shaping the future of intelligence in an increasingly physical digital world.

As AI systems scale to thousands of processors, the challenge is shifting from computing power to data movement. From Silicon Valley to Eindhoven, a new generation of photonic chips—using light instead of electricity—could become the backbone of future AI data center infrastructure.

As artificial intelligence pushes data centers to unprecedented scale, the real bottleneck is shifting from compute to connectivity. Silicon photonics—using light instead of electricity—could redefine how AI systems move data, enabling the ultra-fast networks required for the next generation of hyperscale infrastructure.

Aladdin has become the perception layer of modern capital. Used by institutions overseeing trillions, BlackRock’s risk platform does more than model markets—it structures how risk is seen, shared and acted upon, raising profound questions about synchronization, diversity and systemic resilience.

Artificial intelligence is no longer a weightless software story. As capital markets confront energy constraints, grid bottlenecks and front-loaded infrastructure costs, AI is being repriced as heavy industry — where scarcity, not scalability, determines power and valuation.

Artificial intelligence appears weightless, yet it runs on energy-hungry machines nearing physical limits. As moving data becomes costlier than computing it, engineers are turning from electrons to photons. This shift toward light-based hardware may determine the scalability, economics, and geopolitics of AI.

As data demand explodes, traditional fiber reaches its limits. Project Taara shows how wireless photonics can deliver high-speed connectivity without digging, unlocking speed, efficiency and strategic flexibility for enterprises and public institutions alike.